{"id":8655,"date":"2025-03-29T20:51:28","date_gmt":"2025-03-30T01:51:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nazarenespace.com\/blog\/?p=8655"},"modified":"2025-03-29T20:51:30","modified_gmt":"2025-03-30T01:51:30","slug":"was-the-last-supper-a-passover-seder-debunking-the-artuo-argument","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/nazarenespace.com\/blog\/2025\/03\/29\/was-the-last-supper-a-passover-seder-debunking-the-artuo-argument\/","title":{"rendered":"Was the \u201cLast Supper\u201d a Passover Seder? Debunking the \u201cArtuo\u201d Argument"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"300\" src=\"http:\/\/nazarenespace.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/matzah.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-523\" srcset=\"http:\/\/nazarenespace.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/matzah.jpg 500w, http:\/\/nazarenespace.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/matzah-300x180.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 85vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Was the \u201cLast Supper\u201d a Passover Seder?<br>Debunking the \u201cArtuo\u201d Argument<br>By<br>James Scott Trimm<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some have argued that the so-called \u201cLord\u2019s Supper\u201d could not have been a Passover Seder based on the appearance of the Greek word artos (\u1f04\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2) in the Gospel accounts of the event\u2014specifically in passages like Matthew 26:26. They claim that since artos typically refers to leavened bread, its use in the Gospels supposedly proves that the meal could not have been a Seder, where only unleavened bread (matzah) is used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This claim simply does not hold up under scrutiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Greek word artos has a broad semantic range. While it can refer to leavened bread, it can also refer to unleavened bread or even food in general. For example, in Luke 15:17, the term refers broadly to \u201cfood,\u201d not specifically to bread. Similarly, in 2 Thessalonians 3:8, artos refers to sustenance in general. This broader usage is well-documented in A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature by Bauer, Arndt, and Gingrich.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moreover, artos is the Greek word used in the Septuagint (LXX)\u2014the ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures\u2014to translate the Hebrew word lechem (\u05dc\u05d7\u05dd). In Isaiah 65:25, for example, the Hebrew has lechem, and the Greek renders it as artos. This is significant because lechem, like artos, is a flexible term. It can refer to leavened or unleavened bread, and even more broadly to food in general.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This linguistic overlap carries into Aramaic as well. The Aramaic equivalent of lechem is lachma\u2014a term that appears in the traditional Passover Haggadah. Even today, at the Passover Seder, the blessing over the matzah (unleavened bread) is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5\u05da \u05d0\u05ea\u05d4 \u05d9\u05d9, \u05d0\u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05e0\u05d5 \u05de\u05dc\u05da \u05d4\u05e2\u05d5\u05dc\u05dd, \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05d9\u05d0 \u05dc\u05d7\u05dd \u05de\u05df \u05d4\u05d0\u05e8\u05e5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Baruch ata YHWH, Eloheinu Melech ha&#8217;olam, hamotzi lechem min ha&#8217;aretz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Blessed are You, YHWH our God, King of the universe, who brings forth bread from the earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Notice that even though the bread in question is clearly unleavened, the word used is still lechem\u2014and by extension, the Greek artos and Aramaic lachma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In short, the use of artos in the Gospel narratives does not disprove a Passover context for the Last Supper. Linguistically and culturally, artos is entirely compatible with matzah. Therefore, the argument based on the Greek terminology fails to overturn the overwhelming evidence\u2014both from the Synoptic Gospels and from Jewish tradition\u2014that the Last Supper was indeed a Passover Seder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Help Us Keep the Vision Alive<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If this message stirred something in your heart\u2014if you believe, like we do, that the voices of the ancient Nazarenes deserve to be heard again\u2014we invite you to partner with us.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Your support helps us research, write, and share these forgotten treasures with a new generation. Whether it\u2019s uncovering lost texts, translating forgotten sources, or creating educational resources rooted in the original faith of Yeshua, every gift makes a difference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Please consider making a donation today. Together, we can restore the ancient paths and light the way for those seeking the truth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#fd0505\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><em>We Need your help today!  Our rent is due on Tuesday, and right now, we do not have it<\/em>!<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><em>Thank you for standing with us.<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#f90101\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Donations can be sent by Paypal to donations@wnae.org or by the ling below thru Paypal, Zelle, GoFundMe, Bitcoin or Ethereum.<\/mark><\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><em>Click <a href=\"http:\/\/nazarenespace.com\/blog\/donate\/\">HERE<\/a> to donate<\/em><\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Was the \u201cLast Supper\u201d a Passover Seder?Debunking the \u201cArtuo\u201d ArgumentByJames Scott Trimm Some have argued that the so-called \u201cLord\u2019s Supper\u201d could not have been a Passover Seder based on the appearance of the Greek word artos (\u1f04\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2) in the Gospel accounts of the event\u2014specifically in passages like Matthew 26:26. They claim that since artos typically &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/nazarenespace.com\/blog\/2025\/03\/29\/was-the-last-supper-a-passover-seder-debunking-the-artuo-argument\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Was the \u201cLast Supper\u201d a Passover Seder? Debunking the \u201cArtuo\u201d Argument&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8655","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Was the \u201cLast Supper\u201d a Passover Seder? 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Debunking the \u201cArtuo\u201d Argument\"","og_url":"https:\/\/nazarenespace.com\/blog\/2025\/03\/29\/was-the-last-supper-a-passover-seder-debunking-the-artuo-argument\/","og_site_name":"NazareneSpace Blog","article_published_time":"2025-03-30T01:51:28+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-03-30T01:51:30+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/nazarenespace.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/matzah.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"JamesTrimm","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"JamesTrimm","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/nazarenespace.com\/blog\/2025\/03\/29\/was-the-last-supper-a-passover-seder-debunking-the-artuo-argument\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/nazarenespace.com\/blog\/2025\/03\/29\/was-the-last-supper-a-passover-seder-debunking-the-artuo-argument\/"},"author":{"name":"JamesTrimm","@id":"https:\/\/nazarenespace.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/6ce15fbd160659ab891d42a7cceb2ec8"},"headline":"Was the \u201cLast Supper\u201d a Passover Seder? 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