{"id":4086,"date":"2021-10-27T07:15:56","date_gmt":"2021-10-27T12:15:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nazarenespace.com\/blog\/?p=4086"},"modified":"2025-06-22T03:05:07","modified_gmt":"2025-06-22T08:05:07","slug":"one-faith-two-expression-theology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/nazarenespace.com\/blog\/2021\/10\/27\/one-faith-two-expression-theology\/","title":{"rendered":"One Faith, Two Expression Theology"},"content":{"rendered":"
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One Faith, Two Expression Theology
By
James Scott Trimm<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In recent blogs we have learned that the term “Messianic Judaism” is a non-biblical term<\/a>, and that the original Jewish followers of Yeshua were known as “Nazarenes”. We also learned about three key theological differences between Messianic Judaism and Nazarene Judaism<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this blog, I will elaborate the Systematic Theology of Messianic Judaism, which is best called “One Faith, Two Expression” theology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Systematic theology of the \u201cOne Faith Two Expression\u201d theology or \u201cTwo Torah\u201d Theology is the theology of much of Messianic Judaism including the majority of the IAMCS and the UMJC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Two Torah Theology maintains that the \u201cChurch\u201d or \u201cBody of Messiah\u201d is made up of two two groups who are united together in one body. The two Groups are Messianic Jews and Gentile Christians. Stern illustrates this theology on page 45 of his Messianic Jewish Manifesto with a circle graph. The graph shows the \u201cChurch\u201d and \u201cJewish People\u201d (Israel) as two overlapping circles. The area of the overlap is labeled \u201cMessianic Jews\u201d. The chart also places some dots in the \u201cChurch\u201d circle but outside the overlap with the \u201cJewish People\u201d circle and labels this \u201cJews who are saved and freely choose to express their faith in a non-Jewish context.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

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From Stern’s Messianic Manifesto p. 44<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
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From Stern’s Messianic Manifesto p. 45<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Stern then writes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026the small circle represents the Jews and the large circle the Church, but now they overlap. The intersection of the two circles represents Messianic Jews. \u2026the remainder of the Church circle represents Gentile Christians.\u201d<\/em>
(Messianic Jewish Manifesto p. 46)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Later in the same book Stern writes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe Messianic Jew has two non-neurotic roles to play in the Church. \u2026the issues raised in this book need to be brought to the attention of all in the Church, Gentile Christians as well as Messianic Jews. \u2026 The second role he has to play is being insrumental in fostering Jewish evangelism, helping the Church\u2026\u201d<\/em>
(ibid p. 71)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his book Jewish Roots Daniel Juster has a similar illustration for this same theology. Juster first illustrates the Dispensationalist view with three circles which do not overlap at all which he labels \u201cJews\u201d \u201cChurch of former Jews & Gentiles\u201d and \u201cGentiles\u201d (p. 35). He then gives his own correction of this view with an illustration of three circles, with each of the two outside circles overlapping with the circle in the middle. The two outer circles are labeled \u201cIsrael\u201d and \u201cGentiles\u201d while the middle circle is labeled \u201cThe Church\u201d. This results in two groups in \u201cThe Church\u201d which Juster calls \u201cJewish followers of Yeshua\u201d (i.e. Messianic Judaism\u201d and \u201cGentile followers of Yeshua\u201d (i.e. Gentile Christianity).<\/p>\n\n\n

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One Faith Two Expression Theology teaches that Messianic Judaism and Gentile Christianity are simply two culturally different expressions of the one true faith.<\/em><\/strong> This theology maintains that only Messianic Jews are obligated to observe the Mosaic Torah while Gentile Christians are not obligated to observe Torah. Stern asks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026observance of the Torah, as it applies to Jews, is not a condition for the salvation of a Gentile. \u2026can faith in God and his Messiah transcend Jewish culture? Can a Gentile become a Christian without also becoming a Jew?\u201d<\/em>
(JNT Commentary p. 273)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now in truth \u201cobservance of the Torah\u201d is not a \u201ccondition for the salvation\u201d for anyone, however Stern\u2019s point seems to be to pose the question of whether Gentiles should observe Torah. Stern answers the question later in his commentary:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026Gentiles do not have to become Jews in order to believe in Jesus\u2026 This point, irrelevant for Jews and therefore not part of the Gospel as it was presented to them, is essential for Gentiles; because it removes a major barrier, namely, the requirement, in addition to trusting God and the Good News, that Gentiles should leave one culture and join another\u2026 because when a Gentile allows himself to be circumcised, he obligates himself to obey the entire Torah\u2026\u201d<\/em>
(JNT Commentary pp. 526-527)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One Faith Two Expression theology teaches that when Gentile Christians observe Sunday as their weekly day of worship, celebrate Christmas and Easter and eat pork chops thats culturally appropriate for them and when Messianic Jews observe the Sabbath, keep Biblical Jewish festivals and eat kosher that\u2019s culturally appropriate for us. Stern writes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cGentile believers are free to observe or not to observe rules about dining and Jewish holidays\u2026\u201d<\/em>
(JNT Commentary p. 610)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regarding Sunday worship Juster writes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026Sabbath is a day of crucial significance to Jewish identity. The principle of weekly rest, worship and renewal is one of universal significance. In this sense, the Sabbath principle is a spiritual and humanitarian guide for all peoples. Christians are free to incorporate this principle on Sunday or other days. The seventh day Sabbath for Israel is a special central sign of thr Covenant between Israel and God.\u201d<\/em>
(Jewish Roots p. 195)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even the First Fruits of Zion publication Take Hold<\/em><\/strong> says:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere is nothing wrong with worshiping on Sunday. There is nothing biblically wrong with going to a place of worship on a Sunday and becoming as much involved as one desires\u2026. It [the Sabbath] can be honored fully, even if one worships on Sunday or any other day of the week\u2026. we suggest you inform your friends\u2026that you do not have a problem with worshiping on a Sunday just as long as they do not insist that it be called \u2018the Sabbath.’\u201d<\/em>
(Take Hold by Ariel and D\u2019vorah Berkowitz pp. 239-240)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

And David Stern writes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere are today all kinds of sects and denominations that likewise create false guilt by non scriptural teaching\u2013 for example\u2026 that observing one one day rather than another as a day of worship is a sin\u2026\u201d<\/em>
(JNT Commentary p. 280)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One Faith Two Expression theology even teaches that there is nothing wrong with Gentile Christians celebrating Christmas, Easter and other pagan holidays. Stern writes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI do not believe these verses (Gal. 4:8-10) prohibit the celebration of Christmas, Good Friday, Easter and other events of the Christian calendars followed by various Christian denominations. \u2026 those who wish to celebrate, may; and those who prefer not to, may not\u2013 all so long as whatever is done honors the Lord and builds up the Messianic Community.\u201d<\/em>
(JNT Commentary. 558)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is the live and let live theology of much of Messianic Judaism. They maintain that Messianic Jews and Gentile Christians are united together as one big \u201cChurch\u201d or \u201cBody of Messiah\u201d together, They maintain that These two groups are simply culturally different expressions of the one true faith. They maintain that it is culturally appropriate for Messianic Jews to observe Saturday as the weekly day of worship, keep biblical Jewish holidays and eat kosher. On the other hand Gentiles are free to incorporate the Sabbath principle into a weekly Sunday worship, celebrate Christmas, Easter and other pagan holidays, eat unkosher foods etc. because they need not leave their gentile culture to join the Jewish \u201cculture\u201d of Torah observance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nazarenes: The Original Jewish Followers of Yeshua<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeshua (\u201cJesus of Nazareth\u201d) did not come to found a new religion, he came to be Messiah of the old one. Yeshua lived his entire life without ever violating Torah, yet creating a new religion itself would have been a Torah violation. The original followers of Yeshua were not part of a new religion, they were a sect of Judaism. Not one \u201cNew Testament\u201d writer refers to himself as being a \u201cChristian\u201d yet Paul continually identifies himself as Jewish (Acts 21:39; 22:3) and on one occasion he even declares \u201cI am a Pharisee\u201d (Acts 23:6).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now I know that within many Christian circles there is a teaching that says that originally Judaism was the true faith but that it has now been replaced by a new faith \u201cChristianity\u201d which is now the true faith. This theology is totally counter to the teachings of the \u201cNew Testament\u201d. The \u201cNew Testament\u201d is plain in telling us that there is one true faith (Eph. 4:5) which was given once and for all time (Jude 1:3). This means that the theology that claims that Christianity is a true faith which has replaced Judaism which had been the previous true faith is absolutely false! There is, according to the \u201cNew Testament\u201d itself ONE TRUE FAITH and it was ONLY GIVEN ONCE. Christianity is to young to be that ONE true faith that was ONCE given, that ONE true faith that was ONCE given therefore MUST be Judaism!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first believers in Yeshua were a Jewish sect known as \u201cNazarenes\u201d or in Hebrew \u201cN\u2019tzarim\u201d (Acts 24:5). The \u201cchurch father\u201d Jerome (4th Cent.) described these Nazarenes as those \u201c\u2026who accept Messiah in such a way that they do not cease to observe the old Law.\u201d (Jerome; On. Is. 8:14). The fourth century \u201cchurch father\u201d Epiphanius gives a more detailed description:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But these sectarians\u2026 did not call themselves Christians\u2013 but \u201cNazarenes,\u201d \u2026 However they are simply complete Jews. They use not only the New Testament but the Old Testament as well, as the Jews do\u2026 They have no different ideas, but confess everything exactly as the Law proclaims it and in the Jewish fashion\u2013 except for their belief in Messiah, if you please! For they acknowledge both the resurrection of the dead and the divine creation of all things, and declare that G-d is one, and that his son is Y\u2019shua the Messiah. They are trained to a nicety in Hebrew. For among them the entire Law, the Prophets, and the\u2026 Writings\u2026 are read in Hebrew, as they surely are by the Jews. They are different from the Jews, and different from Christians, only in the following. They disagree with Jews because they have come to faith in Messiah; but since they are still fettered by the Law\u2013circumcision, the Sabbath, and the rest\u2013 they are not in accord with Christians\u2026. they are nothing but Jews\u2026. They have the Goodnews according to Matthew in its entirety in Hebrew. For it is clear that they still preserve this, in the Hebrew alphabet, as it was originally written.<\/em>
(Epiphanius; Panarion 29)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Birth of Gentile Christianity<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The authors of the \u201cNew Testament\u201d also refer to this great apostasy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11 And many false prophets will arise, and will lead many astray. 12 And because apostasy will abound, the love of many will wax cold.<\/em>
(Mt. 24:11-12 DuTillet Hebrew text)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do not let anyone deceive you in any way, because [it will not come] except an apostasy should come first and the son of man of Torah-less-ness be revealed, the son of destruction ,<\/em>
(2Thes. 2:3)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now the spirit plainly says that in the last times some men shall depart from the faith and shall go after deceiving spirits and after teachings of shadim, Those who deceive by false appearance and are speaking a lie, and are seared in their conscience,<\/em>
(1Timothy 4:1-2)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

What does it mean \u201cdepart from the faith\u201d? There is only one true faith (Eph. 4:5) which was once and for all delivered (Jude 1:3). But that faith was Judaism not Christianity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paul also said to the Ephesians on his last visit to them:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I know that after I am gone fierce wolves will enter in among you without mercy upon the flock. And also from among you there will rise up men speaking perverse things, so that they might turn away the talmidim to follow after them.<\/em>
(Acts 20:29-30)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paul seems to indicate that after his death leaders would begin to rise up in his stead that would draw people to follow themselves and draw them away from Torah. Perhaps the some of the very men who had twisted Paul\u2019s teaching into anti-nomianism would one day become the leadership. In fact Paul died in 66 C.E. and the first overseer (Bishop) of Antioch to take office after his death was Ignatius in 98 C.E.. Ignatius fulfilled Paul\u2019s words precisely. Upon taking the office of Bishop over Antioch Ignatius sent out a series of epistles to other assemblies. His letters to the Ephesians, Magnesians, Trallianns, Romans, Philadelphians and Smyrnaeans as well as a personal letter to Polycarp overseer of Smyrnaea have survived to us.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In these letters Ignatius asserts the absolute authority of the office of \u201cbishop\u201d (his own office) over the assembly. Ignatius writes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026being subject to your bishop\u2026 \u2026run together according to the will of God. Jesus\u2026 is sent by the will of the Father; As the bishops\u2026 are by the will of Jesus Christ.<\/em>
(Eph. 1:9, 11)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026your bishop\u2026 I think you happy who are so joined to him, as the church is to Jesus Christ and Jesus Christ is to the Father\u2026 Let us take heed therefore, that we not set ourselves against the bishop, that we may be subject to God\u2026 . We ought to look upon the bishop, even as we would upon the Lord himself.<\/em>
(Eph. 2:1-4)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026obey your bishop\u2026<\/em>
(Mag. 1:7)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Your bishop presiding in the place of God\u2026 \u2026be you united to your bishop\u2026<\/em>
(Mag. 2:5, 7)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026he\u2026 that does anything without the bishop\u2026 is not pure in his conscience\u2026<\/em>
(Tral. 2:5)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026Do nothing without the bishop.<\/em>
(Phil. 2:14)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

See that you all follow your bishop, As Jesus Christ, the Father\u2026<\/em>
(Smy. 3:1)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By exalting the power of the office of bishop (overseer) and demanding the absolute authority of the bishop over the assembly, Ignatius was actually making a power grab by thus taking absolute authority over the assembly at Antioch and encouraging other Gentile overseers to follow suite. In the past such disputes were resolved by the Nazarene Sanhedrin of the Nazarene assembly in Jerusalem (Acts 15).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Moreover Ignatius drew men away from Torah, not only at Antioch but at other Gentile assemblies to which he wrote:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Be not deceived with strange doctrines; nor with old fables which are unprofitable. For if we still continue to live according to the Jewish Law, we do confess ourselves not to have received grace\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

let us learn to live according to the rules of Christianity, for whosoever is called by any other name besides this, he is not of God\u2026 .
It is absurd to name Jesus Christ, and to Judaize. For the Christian religion did not embrace the Jewish. But the Jewish the Christian\u2026<\/em>
(Mag. 3:1, 8, 11)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(This is the first time in History that Christianity is characterized as a new and different religion apart from Judaism).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But if any one shall preach the Jewish law unto you, hearken not unto him\u2026<\/em>
(Phil. 2:6)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now Paul\u2019s prophecy was being fulfilled. Gentile leaders were causing men to follow after themselves and drawing people away from Torah, and it was springing forth from the first Gentile assembly. The result was the birth of a new Gentile religion that had effectively rebelled against Torah based Judaism, a religion known as Christianity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thus the Ancient Nazarene Historian and commentator Hegesippus (c. 180 CE) writes of the time immediately following the death of Shim\u2019on, who succeeded Ya\u2019akov HaTzadik (James the Just) as Nasi of the Nazarene Sanhedrin and who died in 98 CE:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Up to that period (98 CE) the Assembly had remained like a virgin pure and uncorrupted: for, if there were any persons who were disposed to tamper with the wholesome rule of the preaching of salvation, they still lurked in some dark place of concealment or other. But, when the sacred band of Emissaries had in various ways closed their lives, and that generation of men to whom it had been vouchsafed to listen to the Godlike Wisdom with their own ears had passed away, then did the confederacy of godless error take its rise through the treachery of false teachers, who, seeing that none of the apostles any longer survived, at length attempted with bare and uplifted head to oppose the preaching of the truth by preaching \u201cknowledge falsely so called.\u201d<\/em>
(Hegesippus the Nazarene; c. 185 CE)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hegisippus indicates the apostasy began the very same year that Ignatious became bishop of Antioch!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(For more on the birth of Gentile Christianity see: How the Church Fathers Invented Christianity<\/strong><\/a> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One Law<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Two Torah theology immediately contradicts the Torah:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOne Torah shall be to him that is homeborn, and to the stranger that sojourns among you.\u201d<\/em>
(Ex. 12:50)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the Torah, Jews and Gentiles must follow the ONE Torah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


The Great Commission: Go Teach the Gentiles Torah!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Just before his ascension Yeshua instructed his [Jewish] talmidim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cGo you therefore, and teach all the Goyim (Gentiles), and immerse them in the name of the Father, and the Son and the Ruach HaKodesh, and teach them to observe all that I have commanded you,\u201d<\/em>
(Mt. 28:19-20a)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yeshua told his original Jewish followers to go teach the Gentiles \u201cto observe all that I have commanded you [Jews].\u201d The Great Commission was a commission to the Jews to go teach Torah Observance to the Gentiles!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is one Torah and one true faith. That true faith is NOT the \u201cChurch\u201d nor is it unified with Gentile Christianity. Sunday keeping, celebration of Christmas and Easter and Torah rejection is *NOT* a Gentile cultural expression of the true faith, it is not an expression of the true faith at all. There is only one expression of the one true faith and that is observance of the one Torah of the one true faith.<\/p>\n\n\n

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One Faith, Two Expression TheologyByJames Scott Trimm In recent blogs we have learned that the term “Messianic Judaism” is a non-biblical term, and that the original Jewish followers of Yeshua were known as “Nazarenes”. We also learned about three key theological differences between Messianic Judaism and Nazarene Judaism. In this blog, I will elaborate the … Continue reading “One Faith, Two Expression Theology”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4086","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nOne Faith, Two Expression Theology - NazareneSpace Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nazarenespace.com\/blog\/2021\/10\/27\/one-faith-two-expression-theology\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"One Faith, Two Expression Theology - NazareneSpace Blog\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"One Faith, Two Expression TheologyByJames Scott Trimm In recent blogs we have learned that the term “Messianic Judaism” is a non-biblical term, and that the original Jewish followers of Yeshua were known as “Nazarenes”. 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