{"id":2195,"date":"2021-06-12T16:00:13","date_gmt":"2021-06-12T21:00:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nazarenespace.com\/blog\/?page_id=2195"},"modified":"2021-11-13T16:13:54","modified_gmt":"2021-11-13T22:13:54","slug":"psalm-22","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/nazarenespace.com\/blog\/psalm-22\/","title":{"rendered":"Psalm 22"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

James Trimm’s Nazarene Commentary on Psalm 22<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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22:2(1)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2 (22:1) My El, my El, why have You forsaken me, and are far from my help at the words of my cry?
(Ps. 22:2(1) HRV)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This was fulfilled when Yeshua was crucified wen in Matt. 27:46 and Mk. 15:34 when Yeshua recites the words “My El, my El, why have You forsaken me,<\/em><\/strong>” from the gallows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

22:8(7)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

8 (22:7) All they that see me laugh me to scorn, they shoot out the lip, they shake the head:
(Ps. 22:8(7) HRV)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Midrash Pesikta Rabbati applies this passage to the Messiah ben Yosef, the Suffering Messiah also known as \u201cEphraim\u201d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ephraim is a darling son to Me . . . My heart yearneth for him, in mercy I will have mercy upon him, saith the Lord (Jer. 31:20). Why does the verse speak twice of mercy: In mercy I will have mercy upon him? One mercy refers to the time when he will be shut up in prison, a time when the nations of the world will gnash their teeth at him every day, wink their eyes at one another in derision of him, nod their heads at him in contempt, open wide their lips to guffaw, as is said All they that see me laugh me to scorn; they shoot out the lip, they shake the head (Ps. 22:8);<\/strong> My strength is dried up like a potsherd; and my tongue cleaveth to my throat; and thou layest me in the dust of death (Ps. 22:16).<\/strong> Moreover, they will roar over him like lions, as is said They open wide their mouth against me, as a ravening and roaring lion. I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint; my heart is become like wax; it is melted in mine inmost parts (Ps. 22:14-15).<\/strong><\/em>
(Pesikta Rabbati 37.1, translated by William G. Braude, Yale University Press, pg. 686-687)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This was fulfilled in when Yeshua was crucified and “And all they that passed by, were reviling Him, and nodding their heads.” (Matt. 27:39)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

22:9(8)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

9 (22:8) Let him commit himself unto YHWH; let Him rescue him; let Him deliver him: seeing He delights in him.
(Ps. 22:9(8) HRV)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This was fulfilled when Yeshua was crucified and onlookers chastised him saying ” He believed in Elohim, let Him deliver Him now, if He delight [in Him]: for He said, I am the Son of Elohim.”<\/em> (Matthew 27:43) see also Luke 23:35<\/p>\n\n\n\n

22:14-15(13-14)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

14 (22:13) They open wide their mouth against me, as a ravening and a roaring lion.
15 (22:14) I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint. My heart is become like wax; it is melted in my inmost parts.
(Ps. 22:14(13)-15(14) HRV)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Midrash Pesikta Rabbati applies this passage to the Messiah ben Yosef, the Suffering Messiah also known as \u201cEphraim\u201d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ephraim is a darling son to Me . . . My heart yearneth for him, in mercy I will have mercy upon him, saith the Lord (Jer. 31:20). Why does the verse speak twice of mercy: In mercy I will have mercy upon him? One mercy refers to the time when he will be shut up in prison, a time when the nations of the world will gnash their teeth at him every day, wink their eyes at one another in derision of him, nod their heads at him in contempt, open wide their lips to guffaw, as is said All they that see me laugh me to scorn; they shoot out the lip, they shake the head (Ps. 22:8<\/strong>);<\/strong> My strength is dried up like a potsherd; and my tongue cleaveth to my throat; and thou layest me in the dust of death (Ps. 22:16).<\/strong> Moreover, they will roar over him like lions, as is said They open wide their mouth against me, as a ravening and roaring lion. I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint; my heart is become like wax; it is melted in mine inmost parts (Ps. 22:14-15).<\/strong><\/em>
(Pesikta Rabbati 37.1, translated by William G. Braude, Yale University Press, pg. 686-687)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

22:16(15)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

16 (22:15) My strength is dried up like a potsherd, and my tongue cleaves to my throat: and You lay me in the dust of death.
(Ps. 22:16(15) HRV)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Midrash Pesikta Rabbati applies this passage to the Messiah ben Yosef, the Suffering Messiah also known as \u201cEphraim\u201d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During the seven-year period preceding the coming of the son of David, iron beams will be brought low and loaded upon his neck until the Messiah\u2019s body is bent low. Then he will cry and weep, and his voice will rise to the very height of heaven, and he will say to God: Master of the universe, how much can my strength endure? How much can my spirit endure? How much my breath before it ceases? How much can my limbs suffer? Am I not flesh and blood?<\/em> It was because of the ordeal of the son of David that David wept, saying My strength is dried up like a potsherd (Ps. 22:16).<\/strong> During the ordeal of the son of David, the Holy One, blessed be He, will say to him: Ephraim, My true Messiah, long ago, ever since the six days of creation, thou didst take this ordeal upon thyself. At this moment, thy pain is like my pain . . .<\/em> At these words, the Messiah will reply: Now I am reconciled. The servant is content to be like his Master.<\/em>
(Pesikta Rabbati, Piska 36.2, translated by William G. Braude, Yale University Press, pg. 680-681)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is taught, moreover, that in the month of Nisan the Patriarchs will arise and say to the Messiah: Ephraim, our true Messiah, even though we are thy forbears, thou art greater that we because thou didst suffer for the iniquities of our children, and terrible ordeals befell thee . . . for the sake of Israel thou didst become a laughingstock and a derision among the nations of the earth; and didst sit in darkness, in thick darkness, and thine eyes saw no light, and thy skin cleaved to thy bones, and thy body was as dry as a piece of wood; and thine eyes grew dim from fasting, and thy strength was dried up like a potsherd<\/strong> \u2013 all these afflictions on account of the iniquities of our children . . .<\/em>
(Pesikta Rabbati 37.1, translated by William G. Braude, Yale University Press, pg. 685-686)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ephraim is a darling son to Me . . . My heart yearneth for him, in mercy I will have mercy upon him, saith the Lord (Jer. 31:20). Why does the verse speak twice of mercy: In mercy I will have mercy upon him? One mercy refers to the time when he will be shut up in prison, a time when the nations of the world will gnash their teeth at him every day, wink their eyes at one another in derision of him, nod their heads at him in contempt, open wide their lips to guffaw, as is said All they that see me laugh me to scorn; they shoot out the lip, they shake the head (Ps. 22:8<\/strong>);<\/strong> My strength is dried up like a potsherd; and my tongue cleaveth to my throat; and thou layest me in the dust of death (Ps. 22:16).<\/strong> Moreover, they will roar over him like lions, as is said They open wide their mouth against me, as a ravening and roaring lion. I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint; my heart is become like wax; it is melted in mine inmost parts (Ps. 22:14-15).<\/strong><\/em>
(Pesikta Rabbati 37.1, translated by William G. Braude, Yale University Press, pg. 686-687)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

22:17(16)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

17 (22:16) For dogs have encompassed me; a company of evildoers have enclosed me: they have pierced my hands and my feet.
(Ps. 22:17(16) HRV)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Midrash Pesikta Rabbati applies this passage to the Messiah ben Yosef, the Suffering Messiah also known as \u201cEphraim\u201d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ephraim is a darling son to Me . . . My heart yearneth for him, in mercy I will have mercy upon him, saith the Lord (Jer. 31:20). Why does the verse speak twice of mercy: In mercy I will have mercy upon him? One mercy refers to the time when he will be shut up in prison, a time when the nations of the world will gnash their teeth at him every day, wink their eyes at one another in derision of him, nod their heads at him in contempt, open wide their lips to guffaw, as is said All they that see me laugh me to scorn; they shoot out the lip, they shake the head (Ps. 22:8);<\/strong> My strength is dried up like a potsherd; and my tongue cleaveth to my throat; and thou layest me in the dust of death (Ps. 22:16).<\/strong> Moreover, they will roar over him like lions, as is said They open wide their mouth against me, as a ravening and roaring lion. I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint; my heart is become like wax; it is melted in mine inmost parts (Ps. 22:14-15).<\/strong><\/em>
(Pesikta Rabbati 37.1, translated by William G. Braude, Yale University Press, pg. 686-687)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In his series Let\u2019s Get Biblical\u201d Tovia Singer has made the claim that Christians changed Ps. 22:16 (17) to read \u201cthey have pierced\u201d rather than \u201clike a lion\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now let us seek the TRUTH on this matter:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the Hebrew the difference between these two readings is only one letter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KARU ( \u05d1\u05d0\u05e8\u05d5) \u201cThey have pierced\u201d
(\u05db\u05d0\u05e8 means \u201cpierced\u201d and the \u05d5 means \u201cthey\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KARI (\u05db\u05d0\u05e8\u05d9) \u201cLike a lion\u201d
(\u05db means \u201clike\u201d and \u05d0\u05e8\u05d9 means \u201clion\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The difference between these two words is between a \u05d5 and a \u05d9. The misreading of a \u05d5 for a \u05d9 or a \u05d9 for a \u05d5 is a frequent scribal error in Hebrew and Aramaic manuscripts. A \u05d5 is simply a \u05d9 with a long tail. This scribal error is clearly not an intentional change but a common scribal error.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now let us determine which was the original reading.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now if we look up this passage in the BHS (Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia). Here we find a footnote that reads:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cpc Mss Edd \u05db\u05d0\u05e8\u05d5  ,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2Mss Edd <\/em>\u05db\u05e8\u05d5 cf G(S)\u2026\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

To transalate this note into lay terms it says:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cA few manuscripts read KARU (\u05db\u05d0\u05e8\u05d5) and two manuscripts read KARU (\u05d1\u05e8\u05d5)and the Greek Septuagint has [pierced]\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In other words while MOST Masoretic Text manuscripts read KARI (\u201clike a lion\u201d) SEVERAL read \u201cthey have pierced\u201d (two possible spellings) as does the Greek Septuagint.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Greek Septuagint is a Greek translation of the Tanak that was completed by about 200 to 160 BCE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Peshitta Aramaic Tanak also has \u201cthey have pierced\u201d in this passage. According to the Encyclopedia Judaica article on \u201cBible\u201d The Peshitta Aramaic was produced by Jews for Assyrian and Syrian converts to Judaism in the first century BCE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now lets look at the oldest extant Hebrew copy of this Psalm which was found among the Dead Sea Scrolls. If we look in THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS BIBLE under Psalm 22 on pages 518-519 we read:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThey have pierced my hands and my feet.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We are directed to footnote 41 which says:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c5\/6HevPs MT(mss) LXX. Like a lion are MT.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In layman\u2019s terms this note means:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the Dead Sea Scroll manuscript designated \u201c5\/6HevPs\u201d, some
Masoretic Text manuscripts and the Septuagint the reading is \u201cthey
have pierced\u201d while most Masoretic Text manuscripts read \u201clike a
lion are\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A header above this section of Psalm 22 reads:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPsalm 22 is a favorite among Christians since it is often linked in<\/em>
the New Testament with the suffering and death of Jesus. A well-<\/em>
known and controversial reading is found in verse 16, where the<\/em>
Masoretic Text reads \u201cLike a lion are my hands and feet,\u201d whereas<\/em>
the Septuagint has \u201cThey have pierced my hands and feet.\u201d Among the<\/em>
scrolls the reading in question is found only in the Psalms scroll<\/em>
found at Nahal Hever (abreviated 5\/6HevPs), which reads \u201cThey have<\/em>
pierced my hands and my feet\u201d!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Moreover the grammar does not work for \u201clike a lion\u201d since the phrase would lake a verb. Many insert additional words to MAKE the text read \u201cLike a lion [they are at] my hands and my feet\u201d. The understood verb of being does not work here because \u201cLike a lion are my hand and my feet\u201d makes about as much sense as \u201cLike a pizza are my hands and my feet\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OK lets review the facts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Only the Masoretic Text (which originated in the 9th Century CE)
has \u201clike a lion\u201d and even then some copies have \u201cthey have pierced\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. ALL other versions INCLUDING the Greek Septuagent and Aramaic
Peshitta Tanak read \u201cthey have pierced\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. The error itself is an accidental scribal error and NOT an
intentional change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. By far the OLDEST Hebrew copy of the Psalm from the Dead Sea
Scrolls reads \u201cthey have pierced\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. The reading \u201clike a lion\u201d does not fit the grammar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Several copies and versions from BEFORE the life of Yeshua
have \u201cthey have pierced\u201d and NO copy or version prior to the 9th
century CE has \u201clike a lion.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tovia Singer\u2019s claims, once again, are without merit. The reading \u201cthey have pierced\u201d existed BEFORE Christianity existed, the scribal error in question was clearly NOT intentional and the textual evidence points STRONGLY to \u201cthey have pierced\u201d as the original reading.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The truth is that Psalm 22 is a prophecy of the suffering of Messiah and verse 17(16) speaks specifically of the crucifixion of Messiah, having his hands and his feet pierced, pointing clearly to Yeshua as having fulfilled this amazingly clear prophecy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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